Resources and Environmental Economics

Biofuel certification

Sanjay Mohite — 2023-04-14

Scope of biofuel certification is reviewed. It has been found that a biofuel certification is needed in the biofuels industry to authenticate biodiesel and its blends for use in diesel engines.In the world, a standard energy audit method is required to evaluate the feasibility of biodiesel blend as fuel and also harmonise the research of biodiesel as fuel. Leagal measures for biofuel certification is required. There are various obstacles and challenges for biofuel certification. Therefore, this paper addresses the legal measures, obstacles and challenges for biofuel certification.

Legal institutional inefficiency and water pollution problem in Bangladesh

Shuying Wang — 2022-12-19

In recent years the economy of Bangladesh has increased significantly due to rapid industrialization. Despite economic prosperity, it causes serious damage to the environment by polluting water resources. Factors like discharging industrial effluents, urban runoff, and agricultural wastage are primarily responsible for polluting the water bodies in Bangladesh. This kind of pollution not only harms the environment but also severely affects human health, and in Bangladesh, nearly 80 percent of all diseases are related to water pollution, and arsenicosis is one of them. To prevent and control water pollution, the government has primarily enacted various laws and policies, including Environment Conservation Act 1995, Environment Protection Act (EPA) 1995, Environment Court Act 2000, and Bangladesh Water Act 2013. Despite numerous initiatives, legal loopholes, institutional weaknesses and lack of enforcement of Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) are the main obstacles to preventing and controlling water pollution in Bangladesh. Therefore, this paper addresses the legal shortcomings and functions of respective bodies in preventing and controlling water pollution.

Transition of countries to currency and trade sustainable international cooperation on the BRICS platform

Evgeniy Bryndin — 2022-12-01

The transition to monetary and trade sustainable cooperation within the BRICS can be carried out on the basis of the energy economic equivalent of the national currencies of sovereign states. The International Monetary Index will link the existing commodity masses of states with national currencies. The creation of two-circuit national monetary and financial systems will create conditions for the evolutionary transition of budget formation. Double-circuit monetary and financial systems will bind national currencies to energy economic equivalents and goods. An interim measure of the national currency due to the energy economic equivalent and a group of goods with both commodity and monetary properties creates their currency value. This makes it possible to estimate their value in the energy economic equivalent. The energy economic equivalent can become a meter of the intrinsic value of any payment means. The economic reserve base, expanded at the expense of groups of goods, makes it possible to create a stable basis for strengthening national currencies in the system of domestic, regional and international settlements, maintaining their stability. It is possible to connect the financial and real sectors of the international economy of sovereign states through the BRICS investment international bank. This will allow the generation of long and cheap financial resources by issuing securities and digital financial assets secured by a group of goods with foreign exchange value. National currencies will become full-fledged, tied to the amount of those resources that are in the provision of the BRICS investment international bank.

Digitalization of the economy: Social threats

Ashot A. Khachaturyan — 2022-08-03

The article analyzes the hidden threats to society associated with the development of the digital economy. Shown are the main problems that digital can bring to social life and the fate of an individual worker. Chief among these concerns is that with the further digital transformation of the economy, more and more jobs could threatened with extinction. The disappearance of old jobs this time will not accompanied by the emergence of new ones. A situation may arise when the workers released due to digitalization will become not only unemployed, but also generally inoperable. A global question arises - what to do with those, who do not work, and what to support them for?

Mediation model of media determinants of water rates

José Marcos Bustos Aguayo — 2022-08-01

The press, by spreading the availability of resources, shortages linked with preservation. In this sense, the work explores nine briefings from 2019 to 2022 published in national newspapers regarding the lack of supply, quality, benefit, punishment and discomfort as a consequence of the water situation in a demarcation east of Mexico City. This finding was considered as evidence of a moderate degree of media coverage the press regarding the problems arising from water shortages. From the results discussed its implications with other studies conducted in the demarcation.

Socioeconomic and environmental impact of exploitation of hydrocarbons in maritime areas: The case of Greece

Andreas Stergiou — 2022-06-08

The exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons in a maritime area have considerable social, economic and environmental impact. Despite the relevance of the topic, accurate analyses on the exact social and environmental impact of the extraction of hydrocarbons are sparse. Companies-shareholders are mainly concerned about the profit deriving from such kind of activities, while national leaders are mainly concerned about their national constituencies, since they preside over national economies and pursue national interests. On the other side, NGO’s are mainly focused on the downsides of natural resources development. Taking into account some characteristic examples of extraction and monetisation of hydrocarbons discovered in maritime areas similar to Greece, the paper tries to identify their impact in the specific circumstances of Greece and to contribute the highly topical discussion about the utility of development of hydrocarbons resources in Greece.

Book Review: Hanieh, Adam. 'Money, Markets, and Monarchies'. Cambridge University Press, 2018

Sarah Muhanna Al Naimi — 2022-06-07

The GCC region can offer a significant research reservoir for academic research about its development as a global key financial key player. Precisely, the GCC's political econmy has been witnessing significant shifts that enhanced economic growth rates in this hub. Hanieh's book Money, Markets, and Monarchies attempts to detach this block from misconceptions which reduced it to a nere source of abundant hydrocarbon resources and fuse this block to the international financing system. In order to fulfill the mission of this book, Hanieh anaylzes the economic arms, financial strategies , and devices that ehance the GCC's role in the global financial system. Hanieh's book is thought-provoking and insightful for scholars interested in the GCC region from an economic and financial facets.

Social representations hydric resources and services in the COVID-19 era

José Marcos Bustos Aguayo — 2022-04-19

Water problems focused on scarcity, shortages, unhealthiness and high cost have been addressed from the social representations of users of the public drinking water service, although such studies have avoided the incidence of print media on readers. The objective of the present work was to specify a model for the study of the phenomenon, considering a review of press releases of national circulation during the period from 2015 to 2022, as well as the inclusion of frames in the disseminated information. A prevalence of the data was observed towards an intermediate frame of the problems, although the research design limited the results to the study scenario, suggesting the extension of the work to other scenarios such as the contamination of the aquifers and their effects on health Environmental public.

Human capital in the digital economy

Ashot A. Khachaturyan — 2021-11-23

The article analyzes the threats to human capital arising in connection with the development of the digital economy. The main problems, that digital can bring to public life and the fate of an individual worker are shown. According to the author, the labor market in the digital age makes new demands on the human capital of workers in almost all industries. The formation of a digital economic order, including automation, robotization and digitalization of almost all spheres of life, in the near future will leave on the labor market mostly “complex” professions of the “Knowledge” category with a creative component. Technological changes and the digitalization of the economy will lead to the fact that the knowledge and skills of workers will become so outdated that no retraining of them will be able to rectify the situation. One of the main problems is that with the further digital transformation of the economy, more and more jobs may be threatened with extinction, and the disappearance of old jobs this time will not be accompanied by the emergence of new ones. A situation may arise when the workers released due to digitalization will become not only unemployed, but generally not in demand by social production. A global question arises - what should they be kept for? Another problem is that with global digitalization, the danger of "digital" degradation of human intelligence is very high. Digital increasingly crowds out live communication, limiting the possibilities of developing a person's creative potential, as a result of which a qualitative transformation of human intelligence takes place. Another question arises - how to support the intellectual development of a person, and what to do with those who do not work?

Steadily progress into the future

Muammer Kaya, Editor-in-Chief — 2021-11-16

Thirty three manuscripts were contributed by 71 authors: 14 authors are from China; 11 from Fiji; 5 from Iran, Russia, Italy, and Bangladesh; 4 from Australia; 3 from the USA, and Philippines; 2 from Turkey, Canada, India, Germany, Ukraine, and Madagascar; and 1 from Indonesia, France, Belgium, and Cameroon. REE is an international and interdisciplinary Journal. I hope REE will be indexed in some authority academic databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, etc. in the future.