Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article

Pacific ocean mega ecotone of Northern Eruasia as the belt of the origin of the modern continental biosphere

Article Sidebar

The binary ordination
Download PDF
Submitted   Oct 14, 2022
Published   Mar 6, 2023
Issue    Vol 5 No 1 (2023)
DOI   10.25082/REIE.2022.01.005

Views

897

Downloads

309

Citations

PlumX Metrics

Main Article Content

Erland G. Kolomyts corresponding author
Pushchino Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino 142290, Russia

Abstract

The Pacific Ocean margin of Eurasia includes the age row (at the geologic time scale) of geoecotone objects which can be imagined by certain nodal stages of the evolutionary trajectory of exogenous landscape genesis in the continental biosphere. The reported strategy of scientific research is aimed at the establishment of zonal-regional and local regularities of landscape organization of insular and marginal-continental land in different morphotectonic and macroclimatic sectors of the Pacific Ocean mega-ecotone of Northern Eurasia, which is considered as a natural laboratory for studying the modern stage of development of the geographical envelope     The empirical statistical models of the island-arc stage of continental biosphere development in the North-West Pacific have been created by the example of experimental test ground of the active Mendeleev volcano on the Kunashir Island (the South Kuril Ridge). It was shown that on this initial stage local geomorphological and hydro-edaphic conditions created the centers of origin of diverse phytocoenological structures. An exceptionally high percentage of green mass in the structure of production results in the acceleration of the biological cycle as a factor of stability of forest community under unfavorable conditions of “cold” oceanicity. Geothermal energy induces rearrangement of the plant cover towards the increase in its flora- and phytocoenotic diversity to the detriment of biomass formation rate. The “climatically unjustified” but sufficiently stable sub-boreal forest ecosystems were formed, as well as the early stages of buffer forest communities.     The multidimensional empirical-statistical modeling of landscape connections in the marginal-continental sector of the Pacific Ocean mega ecotone has been performed based on an experimental site in the Lower By-Amur Region. The ecology of the boreal-forest landscape of the continental margin characterizes the mature stage of evolution of the continental biosphere. The regularities and causal mechanisms of the formation of buffer forest communities typical of ecotone systems have been represented more integrally. Forests of this phenomenal buffer flora are distinguished by extremely high parameters of structural and functional development and have reached the state approaching the evolutionary climax. The previously advanced concepts of the Pacific ecotone of Northern Eurasia as a focus of evolutionary processes in the continental biosphere have been confirmed.

Keywords
ecotone biogeosystems, insular volcanic and continental marginal landscapes, morphostructures and macroclimate, soil temperature, forest ecosystems, buffer forest communities, evolutionary landscape science, primary landscape genesis

Article Details

How to Cite
Kolomyts, E. (2023). Pacific ocean mega ecotone of Northern Eruasia as the belt of the origin of the modern continental biosphere. Resources Environment and Information Engineering, 5(1), 213-236. https://doi.org/10.25082/REIE.2022.01.005
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

References

  1. Khain BE. 1973. General geotectonics. Moscow: Nedra (in Russian).
  2. Gerasimov IP. 1986. Problems of global geomorphogy. Moscow: Nauka (in Russian).
  3. Khudyakov GI. 1977. Geomorpho-tectonics of South of Far East. Moscow: Nauka (in Russian).
  4. Meshcheryakov Yu A. 1981. Selected works. Relief and contemporary geodynamics. Moscow: Nauka (in Russian).
  5. Zhuchkova VK, Zonov Yu B and Goryachenkov VA. (1973). Methodological tech-niques for landscape studies of volcanic regions of Kamchatka. In Landshaftny sbornik, edited by N.A. Solntsev. 117-137. Moscow: Publishing House MGU (in Russian).
  6. Ignat'ev GM. Tropical pacific islands. Modcow: Mysl' (in Russian).
  7. Dyakonov KN and Puzachenko Yu G. (2005). Theoretical issues of island land-scape science. In Gorizonty geographii. K 100-letiyu KK. Markova, edited by Tatyana A. Yanina, 14-17. Moskva: Geogr. fak-t MGU (in Russian).
  8. Blüthgen I. (1973). Geography of climates. Vol. 2. Transl. from Germ. Moscow: Pro-gress (in Russian).
  9. Sochava VB. (1980). Geographic aspects of the Siberian taiga. Novosibirsk: Nauka (in Russian).
  10. Sochava VB. (2005). Selected Works. Theoretical and applied geography. Novosi-birsk: Nauka (in Russian).
  11. Hopkins DM. The paleogeography and climatic history of Beringia during late Cenozoic Time. Inter Nord, 1972, 12}: 48 -56.
  12. Yurtsev BA. (1974). Problems of botanic geography of North-East Asia. Leningrad: Nauka (in Russian).
  13. Brigham-Grette J. (2000)). New perspectives on Beringian Quatenary paleogeography, stratigraphy, and glacial history. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2000, 20}(1-3): 15-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00134-7
  14. Panphilov VD. (2005). Evolutionary centers and history migrations of biota of Earth Ball. Moscow: Inst. of geography RAS (in Russian).
  15. Kolesnikov BP. (1969b). Alpine vegetation of the Middle Sikhote-Alin. Vladivostok: Dalynevost. knizh. Izd-vo (in Russian).
  16. Sochava VB and Bayborodin VN. eds. (1977). Correlation ecological and phyto-cenotic map of Asian Russia. M-b 1:7500000. Irkutsk: In-t geographii Sibiri i Dalynego Vostoka SO AN SSSR (in Russian).
  17. Nikol'skaya VV. (1969). Paleogeography of the geomorphological stage and mod-ern relief forming processe. In South part of Far East. by edited V.V. Nikolyskaya and A.S. Khomentovsky. 49-64. Moscow: Nauka (in Russian).
  18. Khudyakov GI. (1972). The history of the development of the relief of Siberia and the Far East. In The history of the development of the relief of Siberia and the Far East. South of Far East. by edited I.V. Luchitsky. 64-234. Moscow: Nauka (In Russian).
  19. Arkhipov SA and Nikolaev VA. eds. (1972). The history of the development of the relief of Siberia and the Far East. South of the Far East. Moscow: Nauka (in Russian).
  20. Luchitsky IV. ed. (1974). The history of the development of the relief of Siberia and the Far East.Kamchatkas. Kuril and Komandor islands. Moscow: Nauka (in Russian).
  21. Kolesnikov BP. (1969a). Vegetetion. In South Part of Far East, by edited V.V. Nikol'skaya and A.S. Khomentovsky. 206-250. Moskva: Nauka (in Russian).
  22. Kolesnikov BP. (1956)). Cedar forests of the Far East. Transact. of Far East Fil. Akad. of sciences of USSR. Ser. bot. 2(4). Moscow-Leningrad (in Russian).
  23. Ivanov AN. (2014)). Problems of island landscape study. In: Voprosy geographii. Vyp. 138. Gorizonty landshaftovedeniya. by edited V. M. Kotlyakov and K. N. Dyakonov. 138-158. Moscow: Kodex (in Russian).
  24. Maksimova VF. Phytoindication in the ocean-continent system. Theoretical and applied aspects of biogeography. Moscow: Nauka, 1982. S. 149-162 (in Russian).
  25. Ivlev AM, Ignatenko IV and Targulyan VO. (1987). Features of soil formation in the transition zone from the continent to the ocean. In Soil cover of the Far East. prob-lems of its effective use. reclamation and protection. 4-10. Vladivostok: Scientific. advice on soil science problems. and melior. soil (in Russian).
  26. Markov KK. ed. (1980). Physical geography of World Ocean. Moskva: Nauka (in Russian).
  27. Krištofovič AN. (1946). Evolution of plant cover in the geological past and its main Factors. In Materialy po istorii flory i rastitelynosty SSSR. Vyp. II. by edited V.L. Komarov. 21-87. Moskva-Leningrad: Izd-vo AN SSSR (in Russian).
  28. Sochava VB. (1946). Questions of florogenesis and phytocenology of the Manchu-rian mixed Forest. In Materialy on the history of flora and vegetation of the USSR, edit-ed by V. L.Komarov. II: 283-302. Moscow-Leningrad: Publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (in Russian).
  29. Vasilyev VN. (1946)). Conformity to natural laws of process of plain changes). In Materialy on the history of flora and vegetation of the USSR, edited by V.L. Komarov. 365-403. Moscow-Leningrad: Publishing House AS USSR (in Russian).
  30. Kurentsova GE. (1973)). Natural and anthropogenic changes in the vegetation of Primorye and Southern Priamurye. Novosibirsk: Nauka (in Russian).
  31. Korotkiy AM, Volkov VG and Grebennikova TA. (1999). Far East. In Changes in climate and landscapes over the last 65 million years. 146-164. Moscow: GEOS (in Rus-sian).
  32. Nakamura Y and Krestov PV. Coniferous forests of the temperate zone of Asia. In Coniferous forests. Ser. Ecosystems of the World, 2015, 6}: 163-220.
  33. Isakov Yu A, Kazanskaya NS and Tishkov AA. (1986). Zonal patterns of ecosystem dynamics. Moscow: Nauka (in Russian).
  34. Kolomyts EG. (1987). Landscape research in transition zones. Moscow: Nauka (in Russian).
  35. Grigor'ev AA. (1966). Regularities of the structure and development of the geo-graphic environment. Moscow: Mysl' (in Russian).
  36. Kolomyts EG. (2005). Boreal ecotone and geographic zonality: Atlas-monograph. Moscow: Nauka (in Russian. Abstract in English. 380-384).
  37. Polynov BB. (1952). Geographic Works. Moscow: Geografgiz (in Russian).
  38. Mil'kov Ph N. (1981)). Physical geography: current state. patterns. problems. Voro-nezh: Voronezh Publishing House university (in Russian).
  39. Bazilevich NI. (1981)). Productivity. energetics and biogeochemistry of terrestrial ecosystems of the Pacific Rim. In Questions of Geography. 117: 146-208. Moscow: Mysl (in Russian).
  40. Vorob'ev DP. (1963)). Vegetation of the Kuril Islands. Moscow-Leningrad: Publish-ing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (in Russian).
  41. Stepanova KD. (1981). Phytomass of communities and its dynamics. In Biolog-iche-skaya produktivnosty lugovyh soobshchestv Dal'nego Vostoka (priokeanicheskie rayony). Moscow: Nauka. 163-82.
  42. Bazilevich NI. Biological productivity of ecosystems in Northern Eurasia. Moscow: Nauka, 1993.
  43. Guebler A. Die Kurilen. Ein geographisch-enthnographischer Beitrag. Geographisch-ethnogrephischen Gesellschaft in Zürich. Bd. XXXII, 1931-1932. P. 1-104.
  44. Popov NA. (1963). Forests of the South Kuril Islands and prospects for their use. Krasnoyarsk: In-t lesa i drevesiny SO AN SSSR (in Russian).
  45. Pietsch1 TW, Bogatov VV and Amaoka K. Biodiversity and biogeog-raphy of the islands of the Kuril Archipelago. Journal of Biogeography, 20003, 30}(9): 1297-1310. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00956.x
  46. Barkalov V Yu. (2009)). Flora Kurilyskih ostrovov. Vladivostok: Dalynauka (in Rus-sian).
  47. Razzhugaeva NG, Ganzey KA, Mokhova LM, et al}. (2011). Meadow landscapes of the Southern Kuriles: origin, age and development. Geography and Natural Resources, 3}: 96-104. (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1875372811030097
  48. Erland k. Boreal ecotone of the East-European Plain: Empirical statistical modeling. Resources Environment and Information Engineering, 2022, 4}(1): 156-172. https://doi.org/10.25082/REIE.2022.01.001
  49. Khromov SP and Mamontova LI. Meteorological dictionary. Leningrad: Gidrom-eteoizdat, 1974, 568.
  50. Bazilevich NI, Grebenshchikov OS and Tishkov AA. (1986). Geographic patterns of the structure and functioning of ecosystems. Moscow: Nauka (in Russian).
  51. Gartsman IN. (1971). Problems of geographic zoning and discreteness of hydrome-teorological fields in the mountainous conditions of the monsoon climate. Proceedings of the Far Eastern Scientific Research Institute of Hydrometeorological Research 35: 3-31. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat (in Russian).
  52. Nikol'skaya VV, Timofeev DA and Chichagov VP. (1969). Natural zonality. In Southern part of the Far East. 301-344. Moscow: Nauka (in Russian).
  53. Korotkiy AM, Korobov VV and Skrylnik GP. (2011). Anomalous natural processes and their impact on the state of geosystems in the South of the Russian Far East. Vladi-vostok: Dal'nauka (in Russian).
  54. Titov IA. (1952). The interaction of plant communities and environmental conditions. Moscow: ``Sov. Science" (in Russian).
  55. Tolmachev AI. (1974). Introduction to plant geography. Leningrad: Publishing house of Leningrad State University (in Russian).
  56. Korotky AM. (2008). The main paleogeographic stages and boundaries in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. In Geosystems of the Russian Far East at the turn of the XX -XXI centuries. Volume I. Natural geosystems and their components. 43-73. Vladivostok: Dal'nauka (in Russian).
  57. Osipov SV, Urusov VM. Chipizubova MN, et al}. (2008). Plant cover. In Geosystems of the Far East at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries. Vol. I. Natural geosystems and their components. by edited Sergey S. Gasnzey. 203-235. Vladivostok: Dal'nauka (in Russian).
  58. Markov KK, Lazukov GI and Nikolaev VA. (1965). Quaternary period. Vol. 2. Moscow: Publishing house of Moscow State University (in Russian).
  59. Urusov VM and Lauve LS. On altitudinal zones of vegetation and forma-tional relics in Primorye in connection with climate change. Bot. journal, 1980, 65}(2): 185-197. (in Russian).
  60. Kerzhentsev AS. (2006). Functional ecology. Moscow: Nauka (in Russian).
  61. Mirkin BM, Rosenberg GS and Naumova LG. (1989)). Dictionary of concepts and terms of modern phytocoenology. Moscow: Nauka (in Russian).
  62. Sukachev VN. (1972)). Selected Works. Vol. 1. Basics of forest typology and biogeo-coenology. Leningrad: Nauka (in Russian).
  63. Akhmetyeva NP. (1977). Paleogeography of the Lower Amur Region. Moscow: Nauka (in Russian).
  64. Gerasimov IP and Velichko AA. eds. (1982). Paleogeography of Europe over the last hundred thousand years (Atlas-Monograph). Moscow: Nauka (in Russian).
  65. Shilo NA. (2000). The doctrine of placers. Moskva: Izd-vo Akad. gornyh nauk (in Russian).
  66. Shilo NA and Shumilov Yu V. (2001). On the law of geosystemic evolution of the biosphere. In Prostranstvennaya i vremennaya izmenchivosty prirodnoy sredy Severo-Vostochnoy Azii v chetvertichny period, by edited Konstantin V. Simakov, 4-11. Magadan: Severo-Vostoch. nauch. tsentr DVO RAN (in Russian).
  67. Urusov VM. (1988). Vegetation genesis and rational nature management in the Far East. Vladivostok: TIG FEB USSR Academy of Sciences (in Russian).
  68. Urusov VM and Chipizubova MN. (2008). General patterns of distribution of for-mations and types of vegetation. Genezis of vegetation. In Geosistemy Dalynego vos-toka na rubezhe XX-XXI vekov. Vol. I. Prirodnye geosistemy i ikh komponenty, by edited Sergey S. Gasnzey, 203-220. Vladivostok: Dal'nauka (in Russian).
  69. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky VP. (1928). Region and country. Moscow-Leningrad: State Publishing House (in Russian).
  70. Armand AD and Targulyan VO. (1974). Some fundamental limitations of experi-ment and modeling in geography. Izvestiya AN SSSR. Ser. Geogr. No 4. P. 129-138 (in Russian).
  71. Puzachenko Yu G. (1986). Spatio-temporal hierarchy of geosystems in terms of theo-ry of fluctuations). In Voprosy geographii. Vol. 127. Modelirovanie geosystem, by edited Georgy M. Lappo, 96-111. Moskva: Mysly. (in Russian).
  72. Sochava VB. ed. (1974). Topological aspects of the doctrine of geosystems. Novosi-birsk: Nauka, 293. (in Russian).
  73. Timofeev-Resovsky NV. Structural levels of biological systems. System Research: Yearbook, 1970. M.: Nauka, 1970, 80-113. (in Russian).
  74. Shwarts SS. (1973)). Evolution and biosphere. In Ppoblemy biogeotsenologii. Mos-cow: Nauka, 213-228. (in Russian).