Ocular Morbidities Prevalence and Patterns among Children in Rivers State from 2019-2023: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Childhood ocular morbidity encompasses a spectrum of eye diseases that negatively impact mental development, educational attainment, and quality of life. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and pattern of paediatric ocular morbidities in Rivers State between 2019 and 2023. A retrospective design was employed, including all cases of ocular morbidity recorded at Rumuokwurusi Model Primary Health Centre and Obio Cottage Hospital in Obio Akpor Local Government Area (LGA), Rivers State, from 2019 to 2023. Data were analyzed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. The findings revealed a prevalence of paediatric ocular morbidity of 94.9% (n = 167). The most common conditions included eye irritation (75%), conjunctivitis (43%), red eye (41%), near vision impairment (40%), refractive errors (37%), and far vision impairment (32%). Significant associations were observed between age and specific ocular morbidities, including conjunctivitis (p < 0.001), far vision impairment (p = 0.030), near vision impairment (p = 0.030), and refractive errors (p = 0.010). A significant association was also identified between sex and dry eye syndrome (p = 0.025). These results indicate that paediatric ocular morbidity constitutes a major public health concern in Rivers State and demands appropriate interventions to address the ocular health needs of the population. Improved eye health service delivery is recommended, including the integration of eye care services into school health programs and the primary healthcare system in Rivers State to ensure accessible and adequate ocular healthcare for children.