The impact of the experience of Sexual Violence on female sexual dysfunction
Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose
Sexual violence is among the most violent crimes that may occur against individuals. Such crimes have long-term effects on victims and usually cause physical and psychological harm. Accordingly, in the present study, the predictive role of Sexual Violence on Women’s sexual dysfunctions was investigated.
Methodology
In a descriptive-analytic study through simple random sampling, 140 women were selected. The research instrument was the Female Sexual Dysfunctional Detection Inventory (FSDDI). SPSS-19 software was used to analyze the data.
Findings
The results showed that women with sexual violence history had higher mean scores. Moreover, sexual pain disorder and sexual dissatisfaction were predicted by the variable sexual violence history (P ˂ 0.001). So, the history of sexual violence in women could lead to sexual dysfunctions in the future and affect the lack of sexual satisfaction.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
- Naderi S and Naderi S. Comparative study Sexual Violence Against Women (Review of Laws, Psychosocial Effects, and Prevention Methods), 1st ed. Tehran: Majd Publications, 2018.
- Ngo QM, Veliz PT, Kusunoki Y, et al. Adolescent sexual violence: Prevalence, adolescent risks, and violence characteristics. Preventive Medicine, 2018, 116: 68-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.08.032
- UN Women. Facts and figures: Ending violence against women, 2018.
- World Health Organization. Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence, 2013.
- European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights - FRA, Violence against women: An EU-wide survey, 2014.
- Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. Understanding Sexual Harassment on Public Transportation, in UN Women , Corporate Brief Safe Cities and Safe Public Spaces, Washington, 2018.
- United Nations Children’s Fund. Is every child counted? Status of data for children in the SDGs, 2017.
- UNICEF. Hidden in Plain Sight: A Statistical Analysis of Violence against Children, 2014.
- Sarkar J. Mental health assessment of rape offenders. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 2013, 55(3): 235-243. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.117137
- Rezaee M and Abdar S. Sexual Violence in the Family: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Women’s Research & Humanity Research in Culture Study, 2017, 8(1): 35-59.
- Fávero M and Martins D. Sexual Street Harassment in Portugal: Beliefs and Realities. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2017, 14(5): e286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.04.341
- Vera-Gray, F. Men’s stranger intrusions: Rethinking street harassment. Women’s Studies International Forum, 2016, 58: 9-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2016.04.001
- Gheshlaghi F. The history, ethics, rules in midwifery and forensic medicine. Isfahan: Honarhaye ziba press, 2005.
- Novak E and Berek J. Berek & Novak’s gynecology. American: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2012.
- Iran’s Judiciary. Judicial reports in 2017, 2018. https://www.justic.ir/home
- World Health Organization. Violence against women, WHO, 2017. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-women
- Ward T and Beech A. An integrated theory of sexual offending. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11(1): 44-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2005.05.002
- Sadock B, Kaplan H and Sadock V. Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry. Behavioural Sciences/ Clinical Psychiatry. American: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007.
- Toozandeh Jani H. Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction. Tehran: Peyk Danesh Publications, 2017.
- Tsai TF, Yeh CH and Hwang TIS. Female Sexual Dysfunction: Physiology, Epidemiology, Classification, Evaluation and Treatment. Urological Science, 2011, 22(1): 7-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1879-5226(11)60002-X
- Naderi S. Preparation of Female Sexual Dysfunctional Detection Inventory (FSDDI) and its psychometric properties. Master’s Thesis, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, 2012.
- Halgin RP and Whitbourne KS. Abnormal Psychologhy: Clinical Perspectives on psychological disorders. McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2009.
- Dejkam M. Psychology of Sexual Dysfunction (Methods of Diagnosis and Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction of Women and Men), 3rd ed. Tehran: Samin Publications, 2009.
- Jahanfar S and Nejad MM. Sexual Dysfunction Syllabus. Tehran: Jamee Negar Publications, 2017.
- Kingsberg SA, Althof S, Simon JA, et al. Female Sexual Dysfunction-Medical and Psychological Treatments, Committee 14. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2017, 14(12): 1463-1491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.05.018
- Raina R, Pahlajani G, Khan S, et al. Female sexual dysfunction: classification, pathophysiology, and management. Fertility and Sterility, 2007, 88(5): 1273-1284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.09.012
- Ohadi B. Are the consequences of sexual assault compensated? Electronic Journal of Zendegi-e-ideal, 2018. https://www.beytoote.com/wedlock/learn/consequences-3compensated.html
- Rosen R. Assessment of female sexual dysfunction: review of validated methods. Fertility and Sterility, 2002, 77(4): 89-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(02)02966-7
- Franzway S. The sexual politics of citizenship and violence. Women’s Studies International Forum, 2016, 58: 18-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2016.04.006
- Jewkes R and Dartnall E. Sexual Violence. International Encyclopedia of Public Health, 2017, 491- 498. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803678-5.00404-5
- Dm A, Ma B, Mm C, et al. The high prevalence of pre-existing mental health complaints in clients attending Saint Mary’s Sexual Assault Referral Centre: Implications for initial management and engagement with the Independent Sexual Violence Advisor service at the centre - ScienceDi. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 2019, 61: 102-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2018.12.001
- Karsli TA and Anli I. Viewpoint to Rape and Self-esteem in a Turkish Late-Adolescent Population. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2011, 30: 501-504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.098
- Hartmann U, Heiser K, R¨uffer-Hesse C, et al. Female sexual desire disorders: subtypes, classification, personality factors and new directions for treatment. World Journal of Urology, 2002, 20(2): 79-88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-002-0280-5
- Pastor Z. Female sexual desire disorders–prevalence, classification and treatment possibilities. Ceska Gynekol, 2011, 76(1): 59-64.
- Sepehrian F and Hosseinpoor L. Female Sexual Dysfunction and Its Related Factors in Urmia. Journal of Urmia University of Medicalnces, 2012, 23(2): 148-154.
- Allen CT, Swan SC and Raghavan C. Gender symmetry, sexism, and intimate partner violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2009, 24(11): 1816-1834. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260508325496
- Cobb A, Tedeschi R, Calhoun L, et al. Correlates of posttraumatic growth in survivors of intimate partner violence. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2006, 19(6): 895-903. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20171
- Valdez CE and Lilly MM. Posttraumatic growth in survivors of intimate partner violence: an assumptive world process. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2015, 30(2): 215-231. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514533154
- Leithner K, Assem-Hilger E, Naderer A, et al. Physical, sexual, and psychological violence in a gynaecological-psychosomatic outpatient sample: Prevalence and implications for mental health. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 2009, 144(2): 168-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2009.03.003
- Hutching PS and Dutton MA. Symptom severity and diagnoses related to sexual assault history. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 1997, 11(6): 607-618. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0887-6185(97)00042-X
- Lynne Anderson J. Acknowledging female sexual dysfunction in women with cancer. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 2013, 17(3): 233-235. https://doi.org/10.1188/13.CJON.233-235
- Santos G and Gomes A. Vaginism - Sexual satisfaction after treatment. Sexologies,2008, 17: S36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1158-1360(08)72609-4
- White C. Sexual assault and rape. Obstetrics Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine,2018, 28(9): 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ogrm.2018.08.006
- Kaviani M, Shayani A, Haghpanah S, et al. Evaluation of Sexual Dysfunctions and its Related Factors in Women Experiencing Domestic Violence Had Been Referred to Forensic Medicine Center of Shiraz. Scientific Journal of Hamadan Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, 2015, 23(2): 32-41.
- Harne L and Radford J. Tackling Domestic Violence: Theories, Policies and Practice. Maidenhead: Open Univesity Press, 2008.