Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article

A reliable electrochemical sensor developed based on ZnO/SnO₂ nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode

Article Sidebar

The low and high magnifying images
Download PDF
Submitted   Mar 26, 2021
Published   Jul 1, 2021
Issue    Vol 2 No 1 (2021)
DOI   10.25082/AB.2021.01.002

Views

3519

Downloads

1142

Citations

PlumX Metrics

Main Article Content

M. Mahmud Alam corresponding author
Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
M. T. Uddin
Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
Mohammed M. Rahman
1. Chemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; 2. Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Abdullah M. Asiri
1. Chemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; 2. Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
M. A. Islam
Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh

Abstract

The 4-NPHyd (4-nitrophenylhydrazine) electrochemical sensor assembled using wet-chemically prepared ZnO/SnO2 nanoparticle (NPs) decorated a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with conductive Nafion binder. The synthesized NPs characterized by XPS, ESEM, EDS, and XRD analysis. The calibration of the proposed sensor obtained from current versus concentration of 4-NPHyd found linear over a concentration (0.1 nM ~ 0.01 mM) of 4-NPHyd, which denoted as the dynamic range (LDR) for detection of 4-NPHyd. The 4-NPHyd sensor sensitivity calculated using the LDR slope considering the active surface of GCE (0.0316 cm2), which is equal to be 7.6930 µAµM/cm2, an appreciable value.  The detection limit (LOD) at signal/noise (S/N = 3) estimated, and outstanding lower value at 94.63±4.73 pM perceived. The analytical parameters such as reproducibility, long-term performing ability and response time are found as appreciable. Finally, the projected sensor shows exceptional performances in the detection of 4-NPHyd in environmental samples.

Keywords
ZnO/SnO2 nanoparticles, glassy carbon electrode, 4-Nitrophenylhydrazine sensor, sensitivity, environmental protection

Article Details

How to Cite
Alam, M., Uddin, M., Rahman, M., Asiri, A., & Islam, M. (2021). A reliable electrochemical sensor developed based on ZnO/SnO₂ nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode. Advances in Biochips, 2(1), 24-34. https://doi.org/10.25082/AB.2021.01.002
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

References

  1. Na JH, Kitamura M, Arita M, et al. Hybrid junction light-emitting diodes based on sputtered ZnO and organic semiconductors. Applied Physics Letters, 2009, 95(25): 253303-253305. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3275802
  2. Lu CY, Chang SJ, Chang SP, et al. Ultraviolet photodetectors with ZnO nanowires prepared on ZnO: Ga/glass templates. Applied Physics Letters, 2006, 89(15): 153101-153103. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2360219
  3. Sudhagar P, Kumar RS, Jung JH, et al. Facile synthesis of highly branched jacks-like ZnO nanorods and their applications in dye-sensitized solar cells. Materials Research Bulletin, 2011, 46(9): 1473- 1479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2011.04.027
  4. Wang ZL, Yang R, Zhou J, et al. Lateral nanowire/nanobelt based nanogenerators, piezotronics and piezo-phototronics. Materials Science and Engineering, 2010, 70(3-6): 320-329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2010.06.015
  5. Park WI and Yi GC. Electroluminescence in n-ZnO nanorod arrays vertically grown on p-GaN. Advanced Materials, 2004, 16(1): 87-90. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200305729
  6. Xu J, Han J, Zhang Y, et al. Studies on alcohol sensing mechanism of ZnO based gas sensors. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2008, 132: 334-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2008.01.062
  7. Uddin MT, Alam MM, Asiri AM, et al. Electrochemical detection of 2-nitrophenol using a heterostructure ZnO/RuO2 nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode. RSC Advances, 2020, 10(1): 122-132. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA08669B
  8. Alam MM, Asiri AM, Uddin MT, et al. Detection of uric acid based on doped ZnO/Ag2O/Co3O4 nanoparticle loaded glassy carbon electrode. New Journal of Chemistry, 2019, 43(22): 8651-8659. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NJ01287G
  9. Huang MH, Mao S, Feick H, et al. Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers. Science, 2001, 292(5523): 1897-1899. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1060367
  10. Park SB, Kim BG, Kim JY, et al. Field-emission properties of patterned ZnO nanowires on 2.5 D MEMS substrate. Applied Physics A, 2011, 102: 169-172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-010-5981-9
  11. Ramadoss Ak and Kim SJ. Facile preparation and electrochemical characterization of graphene/ZnO nanocomposite for supercapacitor applications. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2013, 140(1): 405-411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2013.03.057
  12. Benzarouk H, Drici A, Mekhnache M, et al. Effect of different dopant elements (Al, Mg and Ni) on microstructural, optical and electrochemical properties of ZnO thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis (SP). Superlattices and Microstructures, 2012, 52(3): 594-604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2012.06.007
  13. Ki Kim H, Sung Lee K and Ah Kang H. Characteristics of indium zinc oxide top cathode layers grown by box cathode sputtering for top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes. Journal of Electrochemical Society, 2006, 153(2): H29-H33. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2139953
  14. Fang G, Li D and Yao BL. Fabrication and characterization of transparent conductive ZnO: Al thin films prepared by direct current magnetron sputtering with highly conductive ZnO(ZnAl2O4) ceramic target. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2003, 247(3-4): 393-400. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0248(02)02012-2
  15. Bougrine A, El Hichou A, Addou M, et al. Structural, optical and cathodoluminescence characteristics of undoped and tin-doped ZnO thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2003, 80(2): 438-445. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-0584(02)00505-9
  16. Bian J, Li X, Chen L, et al. Properties of undoped n-type ZnO film and N-In codoped p-type ZnO film deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Chemical Physics Letters, 2004, 393(1-3): 256-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2004.06.044
  17. Belliard F and Irvine JTS. Electrochemical performance of ball-milled ZnO-SnO2 systems as anodes in lithium-ion battery. Journal of Power Sources, 2001, 97-98: 219-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00544-4
  18. Ahmad M, Yingying S, Sun HY, et al. SnO2/ZnO composite structure for the lithium-ion battery electrode. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2012, 196: 326-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2012.06.032
  19. Yan SH, Ma SY, Xu XL, et al. Preparation of SnO2-ZnO hetero-nanofibers and their application in acetone sensing performance. Materials Letters, 2015, 159: 447-450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2015.07.051
  20. Yan SH, Ma SY, Li WQ, et al. Synthesis of SnO2-ZnO heterostructured nanofibers for enhanced ethanol gas-sensing performance. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2015, 221: 88-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2015.06.104
  21. Kong JJ, Rui ZB, Ji HB, et al. Facile synthesis of ZnO/SnO2 hetero nanotubes with enhanced electrocatalytic property. Catalysis Today - Journal, 2015, 258: 75-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2015.04.011
  22. Lamba R, Umar A, Mehta SK, et al. ZnO doped SnO2 nanoparticles heterojunction photo-catalyst for environmental remediation. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2015, 653: 327-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.08.220
  23. Feng N, Qiao L, Hu DK, et al. Synthesis, characterization, and lithium-storage of ZnO-SnO2 hierarchical architectures. RSC Advances, 2013, 3(21): 7758-7764. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ra40229k
  24. Luo L, Xu W, Xia Z, et al. Electrospun ZnO-SnO2 composite nanofibers with enhanced electrochemical performance as lithium-ion anodes. Ceramics International, 2016, 42(9): 10826-10832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.03.211
  25. Rahman MM, Abu-Zied BM and Asiri AM. Ultrasensitive hydrazine sensor fabrication based on Co-doped ZSM-5 zeolites for environmental safety. RSC Advances, 2017, 7(34): 21164-21174. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA00952F
  26. Rahman MM, Ahmed J, Asiri AM, et al. Development of highly-sensitive hydrazine sensor based on facile CoS2-CNT nanocomposites. RSC Advances, 2016, 6(93): 90470-90479. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA08772H
  27. Rahman MM, Hussain MM and Asiri AM. A novel approach towards hydrazine sensor development using SrO CNT nanocomposites. RSC Advances, 2016, 6(70): 65338-65348. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA11582A
  28. Akhter H, Murshed J, Rashed MA, et al. Fabrication of hydrazine sensor based on silica-coated Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles prepared by a rapid microwave irradiation method. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2017, 698: 921-929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.12.266
  29. Umar A, Akhtar MS, Al-Hajry A, et al. Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of harmful dye and phenyl hydrazine chemical sensing using ZnO nanourchins. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2015, 262: 588-596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.09.111
  30. Rahman MM, Khan SB, Jamal A, et al. Fabrication of Phenyl-Hydrazine Chemical Sensor Based on Al- doped ZnO Nanoparticles. Sensors & Transducers Journal, 2011, 134: 32-44.
  31. Nassef HM, Radi AE and O’Sullivan CK. Electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine at o-aminophenol grafted modified glassy carbon electrode: Reusable hydrazine amperometric sensor. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2006, 592(2): 139-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.05.007
  32. Rahman MM, Alfonso VG, Fabregat-Santiago F, et al. Hydrazine sensors development based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with a nanostructured TiO2 films by electrochemical approach. Microchimica Acta, 2017, 184: 2123-2129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-017-2228-x
  33. Rahman MM, Alam MM and Asiri AM. Selective hydrazine sensor fabrication with facile lowdimensional Fe2O3/CeO2 nanocubes. New Journal of Chemistry, 2018, 42(12): 10263-10270. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NJ01750F
  34. Rahman MM, Alam MM, Asiri AM, et al. Ethanol sensor development based on ternary-doped metal oxides (CdO/ZnO/Yb2O3) nanosheets for environmental safety. RSC Advances, 2017, 7(37): 22627-22639. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA01852E
  35. Rahman MM, Alam MM, Asiri AM, et al. Fabrication of 4-aminophenol sensor based on hydrothermally prepared ZnO/Yb2O3 nanosheets. New Journal of Chemistry, 2017, 41(17): 9159-9169. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NJ01623A
  36. Alam MM, Asiri AM, Uddin MT, et al.Wet-chemically prepared low-dimensional ZnO/Al2O3/Cr2O3 nanoparticles for xanthine sensor development using an electrochemical method. RSC Advances, 2018, 8(23): 12562-12572. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA01734D
  37. Rahman MM, Alam MM and Asiri AM. Carbon black co-adsorbed ZnO nanocomposites for selective benzaldehyde sensor development by electrochemical approach for environmental safety. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2018, 65: 300-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2018.04.041
  38. Alam MM, Asiri AM, Uddin MT, et al. In-situ Glycine Sensor Development Based ZnO/Al2O3/Cr2O3 Nanoparticles. ChemistrySelect, 2018, 3(41): 11460-11468. https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.201802750
  39. Alam MM, Asiri AM, Uddin MT, et al. One-step wet-chemical synthesis of ternary ZnO/CuO/Co3O4 nanoparticles for sensitive and selective melamine sensor development. New Journal of Chemistry, 2019, 43(12): 4849-4858. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NJ06361C
  40. Subhan MA, Jhuma SS, Saha PC, et al. Efficient selective 4-aminophenol sensing and antibacterial activity of ternary Ag2O3.SnO2.Cr2O32O3 nanoparticles. New Journal of Chemistry, 2019, 43(26): 10352-10365. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NJ01760G
  41. Rahman MM, Alam MM and Asiri AM. Fabrication of an acetone sensor based on facile ternary MnO2/Gd2O3/SnO2 nanosheets for environmental safety. New Journal of Chemistry, 2017, 41(18): 9938-9946. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NJ01372H
  42. Rahman MM, Alam MM, Asiri AM, et al. Fabrication of selective chemical sensor with ternary ZnO/SnO2/Yb2O3 nanoparticles. Talanta, 2017, 170: 215-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2017.04.017
  43. Saliani M, Jalal R and Goharshadi EK. Effects of pH and Temperature on Antibacterial Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanofluid Against Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Staphylococcus aureus. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology , 2015, 8(2): e17115. https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm.17115
  44. Sagadevan S and odder JP. Investigation on Structural, Surface Morphological and Dielectric Properties of Zn-doped SnO2 Nanoparticles. Materials Research, 2016, 19(2): 420-425. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2015-0657
  45. Chen W, Zhou Q, Wan F, et al. Gas Sensing Properties andMechanism of Nano-SnO2-Based Sensor for Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2012, 612420. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/612420
  46. Janardhan E, Reddy MM, Reddy PV, et al. Synthesis of SnO Nanopatricles-A Hydrothermal Approach. World Journal of Nano Science and Engineering, 2018, 8(2): 33-37. https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnse.2018.82002
  47. Rahman MM, Alam MM and Asiri AM. Potential application of mixed metal oxide nanoparticleembedded glassy carbon electrode as a selective 1,4-dioxane chemical sensor probe by an electrochemical approach. RSC Advances, 2019, 9(72): 42050-42061. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA09118A
  48. Rakib RH, Hasnat MA, Uddin MN, et al. Fabrication of a 3,4-Diaminotoluene Sensor Based on a TiO2-Al2O3 Nanocomposite Synthesized by a Fast and Facile Microwave Irradiation Method. ChemistrySelect, 2019, 4(43): 12592-12600. https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.201902394
  49. Rahman MM, Alam MM and Asiri AM. Detection of toxic choline based on Mn2O3/NiO nanomaterials by an electrochemical method. RSC Advancs, 2019, 9(60): 35146-35157. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA07459G
  50. Rahman MM, Alam MM and Alamry KA. Sensitive and selective m-tolyl hydrazine chemical sensor development based on CdO nanomaterial decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2019, 77: 309-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2019.04.053
  51. Abu-Zied BM, Alam MM, Asiri AM, et al. Fabrication of 1,2-dichlorobenzene sensor based on mesoporous MCM-41material. Colloids and Surfaces A, 2019, 562: 161-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.11.024
  52. Rahman MM, Alam MM and Asiri AM. Development of an efficient phenolic sensor based on facile Ag2O/Sb2O3 nanoparticles for environmental safety. Nanoscale Advances, 2019, 1(2): 696-705. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NA00034D
  53. Karim MR, Alam MM, Aijaz MO, et al. Fabrication of 1,4-dioxane sensor based on microwave assisted PAni-SiO2 nanocomposites. Talanta, 2019, 193: 64-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.100
  54. Rahman MM, Wahid A, Alam MM, et al. Efficient 4-Nitrophenol sensor development based on facile Ag@Nd2O3 nanoparticles. Materials Today Communications, 2018, 16: 307-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2018.07.009
  55. Rahman MM, Alam MM and Asiri AM. Selective hydrazine sensor fabrication with facile lowdimensional Fe2O3/CeO2 nanocubes. New Journal of Chemistry, 2018, 42(12): 10263-10270. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NJ01750F
  56. Rahman MM, Alam MM, Asiri AM, et al. 3,4-Diaminotoluene sensor development based on hydrothermally prepared MnCoxOy nanoparticles. Talanta, 2018, 176: 17-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2017.07.093
  57. Rahman MM, Alam MM and Asiri AM. Sensitive 1,2-dichlorobenzene chemi-sensor development based on solvothermally prepared FeO/CdO nanocubes for environmental safety. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2018, 62: 392-400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2018.01.019
  58. Sundaram S, Kumar AS, Jagannathan M, et al. In situ stabilization of hydroxylamine via electrochemical immobilization of 4-nitrophenol on GCE/MWCNT electrodes: NADH electrocatalysis at zero potential. Analytical Methods, 2014, 6(22): 8894-8900. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4AY01994F
  59. Kaur B, Srivastava R and Satpati B. Copper nanoparticles decorated polyaniline-zeolite nanocomposite for the nanomolar simultaneous detection of hydrazine and phenylhydrazine. Catalysis Science & Technology, 2016, 6(4): 1134-1145. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CY01064K
  60. Hussain MM, Rahman MM and Asiri AM. Efficient 2-Nitrophenol Chemical Sensor Development Based on Ce2O3 Nanoparticles Decorated CNT Nanocomposites for Environmental Safety. PLOS ONE, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166265
  61. Rahman MM, Ahmed J, Asiri AM, et al. Development of highly-sensitive hydrazine sensor based on facile CoS2-CNT nanocomposites. RSC Advances, 2016, 6(93): 90470-90479. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA08772H
  62. Rahman MM, Balkhoyor HB and Asiri AM. Ultrasensitive and selective hydrazine sensor development based on Sn/ZnO nanoparticles. RSC Advances, 2016, 6(35): 29342-29352. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA02352E
  63. Rahman MM, Khan A, Marwani HM, et al. Hydrazine sensor based on silver nanoparticle-decorated polyaniline tungstophosphate nanocomposite for use in environmental remediation. Microchimica Acta, 2016, 183: 1787-1796. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-016-1809-4