Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article

Validation of the Teacher Engagement Scale: Elementary Students’ Perception

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Confirmatory factor analysis
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Submitted   Apr 22, 2026
Published   Jun 17, 2026
Issue    Vol 6 No 1 (2026)
DOI   10.25082/ADEP.2026.01.001

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Fernanda Ramírez-Hernández
Department of Psychology, Technological Institute of Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Mexico
María Fernanda Durón-Ramos corresponding author
Department of Psychology, Technological Institute of Sonora, Guaymas, Mexico
Fernanda Inéz García-Vázquez
Department of Education, Technological Institute of Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Mexico
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Abstract

While much research has focused on the negative aspects of teaching, such as stress and burnout, greater attention should be given to teachers' motivation and other positive factors. Special consideration is required for teachers' positive mental state; hence, studies on teachers' work engagement are necessary, not only through self-reports but also through students' perspectives. Elementary students, in particular, attribute an important role to their teachers, seeing them as models for group interactions. For these reasons, the aim of this study was to validate an adapted version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale to measure teacher engagement as perceived by their students. The sample comprised 521 students in grades 5 and 6 from urban public primary schools in Sonora, Mexico. Data were collected using an adaptation of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and the School Satisfaction subscale of the instrument developed by Liu et al. (2014). The validity evidence was assessed through a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and a correlation matrix to examine convergent validity. The results supported a two-factor structure of teacher engagement, comprising vigour and dedication, and the scale demonstrated acceptable reliability.

Keywords
work engagement, Teacher Engagement Scale, school satisfaction, students' perceptions

Article Details

Supporting Agencies
The Secretariat of Science, Humanities, Technology and Innovation funded the study.
How to Cite
Ramírez-Hernández, F., Durón-Ramos, M. F., & García-Vázquez, F. I. (2026). Validation of the Teacher Engagement Scale: Elementary Students’ Perception. Advances in Developmental and Educational Psychology, 6(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.25082/ADEP.2026.01.001
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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