Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article

Structural, electrical, and magnetic characterization of (1-x)BaTiO₃-x Ni₀.₆Zn₀.₄Fe₂O₄ multiferroic ceramic composites

Article Sidebar

MH hysteresis loop
Download PDF
Submitted   May 22, 2021
Published   Jul 23, 2021
Issue    Vol 3 No 1 (2021)
DOI   10.25082/MER.2021.01.002

Views

3905

Downloads

1084

Citations

PlumX Metrics

Main Article Content

Golam Mowla
Department of Glass & Ceramic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh
Nabid Hossain
Department of Glass & Ceramic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh
M. Humayan Kabir corresponding author
Department of Glass & Ceramic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh
M. Jahidul Haque
Department of Glass & Ceramic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh
M. Mintu Ali
Department of Glass & Ceramic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh
M. Abdul Kaiyum
Department of Glass & Ceramic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh
M. S. Rahman
Department of Glass & Ceramic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh

Abstract

In the present work, pure BaTiO3, pure Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 and (1-x)BaTiO3-xNi0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 (where x = 0.15, 0.25 & 0.35) multiferroic composites were synthesized through solid-state sintering scheme. Structural, microstructural, ferroelectric, and ferromagnetic analysis was performed. Both tetragonal perovskite phase (for BaTiO3 ferroelectric phase) and cubic spinel ferrite phase (for Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 ferromagnetic phase) were simultaneously presented within each composite. The ferrite phase exhibited a smaller crystallite size compared to the ferroelectric phase. All of the composites demonstrated homogenous irregular-shaped grains. The measured average grain size for 0.85BaTiO3-0.15Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4, 0.75BaTiO3-0.25Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4, 0.65BaTiO3-0.35Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 were 364.14 nm, 378.46 nm and 351.62nm, whereas the density values were 3.04g/cm3, 3.20g/cm3 and 3.13 g/cm3 for x = 0.35, 0.25, 0.15 respectively. However, the heterogenous microstructure was observed for all of the compositions. The composites exhibited an oval-shaped lossy capacitor hysteresis loop. However, 0.75BaTiO3-0.25Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 composite showed the highest remnant polarization (11.613 μC/cm2) and coercive field value (1.526 kV/cm), ensuring its usability for switching applications. In addition, 0.75BaTiO3-0.25Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 also exhibited the maximum saturation (Ms= 1.732 emu/g) and remnant magnetization (Mr= 0.025 emu/g) among the composites. Nevertheless, all of the composites derived 'wasp-waisted' hysteresis loops due to the presence of either superparamagnetic (SPM) particles or a mixer of a single domain (SD) and superparamagnetic particles.

Keywords
multiferroic, ferroelectric, magnetic, SPM component

Article Details

How to Cite
Mowla, G., Hossain, N., Kabir, M. H., Haque, M., Ali, M., Kaiyum, M., & Rahman, M. (2021). Structural, electrical, and magnetic characterization of (1-x)BaTiO₃-x Ni₀.₆Zn₀.₄Fe₂O₄ multiferroic ceramic composites. Materials Engineering Research, 3(1), 133-143. https://doi.org/10.25082/MER.2021.01.002
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

References

  1. Adhlakha N and Yadav KL. Study of structural, dielectric and magnetic behaviour of Ni0:75Zn0:25 Fe2O4-Ba(Ti0:85Zr0:15)O3 composites, Smart Materials and Structures, 2012, 21(11): 115021. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/21/11/115021
  2. Grigalaitis R, Petrovi´cMMV, Bobi´c JD, et al. Dielectric and magnetic properties of BaTiO3 -NiFe2O4 multiferroic composites. Ceramic International, 2014, 40: 6165-6170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.11.069
  3. Bammannavar BK and Naik LR. Electrical properties and magnetoelectric effect in (x)Ni0:5Zn0:5 Fe2O4+(1-x)BPZT composites. Smart Materials and Structures, 2009, 18(8): 085013. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/18/8/085013
  4. Adhlakha N, Yadav KL and Singh R. Effect of BaTiO3addition on structural, multiferroic and magneto-dielectric properties of 0.3CoFe2O4-0.7BiFeO3ceramics. Smart Materials and Structures, 2014, 23(10): 105024. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/10/105024
  5. Dzunuzovic AS, Petrovic MMV, Bobic JD, et al. Magneto-electric properties of xNi0:7Zn0:3Fe2O4 - (1-x)BaTiO3 multiferroic composites. Ceramic International, 2018, 44: 683-694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.09.229
  6. Nan CW, Bichurin MI, Dong S, et al. Multiferroic magnetoelectric composites: Historical perspective, status, and future directions. Journal of Applied Physics, 2008, 103: 031101. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2836410
  7. Zhu P, Zheng Q, Sun R, et al. Dielectric and magnetic properties of BaTiO3/Ni0:5Zn0:5Fe2O4 composite ceramics synthesized by a co-precipitation process. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2014, 614: 289-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.06.065
  8. Bammannavar BK and Naik LR. Study of magnetic properties and magnetoelectric effect in (x)Ni0:5Zn0:5Fe2O4-(1-x)PZT composites. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2012, 324: 944-948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2011.09.016
  9. Rawat M and Yadav KL. Electrical, magnetic and magnetodielectric properties in ferrite-ferroelectric particulate composites. Smart Materials and Structures, 2015, 24(4): 045041. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/24/4/045041
  10. Pradhan DK, Puli VS, Tripathy SN, et al. Room temperature multiferroic properties of PbFe2O4 composites. Journal of Applied Physics, 2013, 1141: 234106-243904. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.484759
  11. Zhang RF, Deng CY and Ren L, et al. Dielectric, ferromagnetic and maganetoelectric properties of BaTiO3-Ni0:7Zn0:3Fe2O4 composite ceramics. Materials Research Bulletin, 2013, 48: 4100-4104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2013.06.026
  12. Dzunuzovic AS, Petrovic MMV and Stojadinovic BS, et al. Multiferroic (NiZn) Fe2O4-BaTiO3 composites prepared from nanopowders by auto-combustion method. Ceramic International, 2015, 41: 13189-13200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.07.096
  13. Ashiri R. On the solid-state formation of BaTiO3 nanocrystals from mechanically activated BaCO3 and TiO2powders: Innovative mechanochemical processing, the mechanism involved, and phase and nanostructure evolutions, RSC Advances, 2016, 6: 17138-17150. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ra22942a
  14. Zhou T, Zhang D, Jia L, et al. Effect of Ni-Zn Ferrite Nanoparticles upon the Structure and Magnetic and Gyromagnetic Properties of Low-Temperature Processed LiZnTi Ferrites. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2015, 119: 13207-13214. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp512608z
  15. Sreeja V and Joy PA. Microwave-hydrothermal synthesis of -Fe2O3 nanoparticles and their magnetic properties. Materials Research Bulletin, 2007, 42: 1570-1576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2006.11.014
  16. Jafarzadeh M, Rahman IA and Sipaut CS. Synthesis of silica nanoparticles by modified sol-gel process: The effect of mixing modes of the reactants and drying techniques, Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 2009, 50: 328-336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-009-1958-6
  17. Safi R, Shokrollahi H. Physics, chemistry and synthesis methods of nanostructured bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) as a ferroelectro-magnetic material,Progress in Solid State Chemistry, 2012, 40: 6-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2012.03.001
  18. Li DH, He SF, Chen J, et al. Solid-state Chemical Reaction Synthesis and Characterization of Lanthanum Tartrate Nanocrystallites under Ultrasonication Spectra. IOP Conference Series: Materials Scienceand Engineering, 2017, 242: 012023. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/242/1/012023
  19. Bekri-Abbes I and Srasra E. Investigation of structure and conductivity properties of polyaniline synthesized by solid-solid reaction.Journal of Polymer Research, 2011, 18: 659-665. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-010-9461-x
  20. Jamal R, Xu F, Shao W, et al. The study on the application of solid-state method for synthesizing the polyaniline/noble metal (Au or Pt) hybrid materials. Nanoscale Research Letters, 2013, 8: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-8-117
  21. Upadhyay SK, Reddy VR and Lakshmi N. Study of (1-x) BaTiO3-xNi0:5Zn0:5Fe2O4 (x=5, 10 and 15%) magnetoelectric ceramic composites, Journal of Asian Ceramic Society, 2013, 1: 346-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jascer.2013.10.001
  22. Jain A, Panwar AK, and Jha AK. Significant enhancement in structural, dielectric, piezoelectric and ferromagnetic properties of Ba0:9Sr0:1Zr0:1Ti0:9O3-CoFe2O4 multiferroic composites. Materials Research Bulletin, 2018, 100: 367-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2017.12.054
  23. Wurst JC and Nelson JL. Two-Phase Polycrystalline Ceramics.Journal of American Ceramic Society, 1972, 46.
  24. Chauhan R andSrivastava RC. Various properties of the 0.6BaTiO3-0.4Ni0:5Zn0:5Fe2O4 multiferroic nanocomposite. Pramana - Journal of Physics, 2016, 87: 2-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12043-016-1263-1
  25. Rawat M and Yadav KL. Dielectric, ferroelectric and magnetoelectric response in Ba0:92(Bi0:5Na0:5)0:08TiO3-Ni0:65Zn0:35Fe2O4 composite ceramics. Smart Material and Structures, 2014, 23(8): 085032. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/8/085032
  26. Puli VS, Pradhan DK, Chrisey DB, et al. Structure, dielectric, ferroelectric, and energy density properties of (1-x)bzt-xbct ceramic capacitors for energy storage applications, Journal of Material Science, 2013, 48: 2151-2157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6990-1
  27. Nathani H, Gubbala S and Misra RDK. Magnetic behavior of nanocrystalline nickel ferrite: Part I. The effect of surface roughness, Materials Science and Engineering: B, 2005, 121: 126-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2005.03.016
  28. Kambale RC, Shaikh PA, Bhosale CH, et al. Studies on magnetic, dielectric and magnetoelectric behavior of (x)NiFe1:9Mn0:1O4 and (1-x)BaZr0:08Ti0:92O3 magnetoelectric composites. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2011, 48: 310-315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.09.080
  29. Cullity GBD. Introduction to Magnetic Materials, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2011.
  30. Stoner EC. A mechanism of magnetic hysteresis in heterogenous alloys. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 1948, 826: 599-642.