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Structural, electrical, and magnetic characterization of (1-x)BaTiO₃-x Ni₀.₆Zn₀.₄Fe₂O₄ multiferroic ceramic composites

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Submitted   May 22, 2021
Published   Jul 23, 2021
Issue    Vol 3 No 1 (2021)
DOI   10.25082/MER.2021.01.002

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Golam Mowla
Department of Glass & Ceramic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh
Nabid Hossain
Department of Glass & Ceramic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh
M. Humayan Kabir corresponding author
Department of Glass & Ceramic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh
M. Jahidul Haque
Department of Glass & Ceramic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh
M. Mintu Ali
Department of Glass & Ceramic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh
M. Abdul Kaiyum
Department of Glass & Ceramic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh
M. S. Rahman
Department of Glass & Ceramic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh

Abstract

In the present work, pure BaTiO3, pure Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 and (1-x)BaTiO3-xNi0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 (where x = 0.15, 0.25 & 0.35) multiferroic composites were synthesized through solid-state sintering scheme. Structural, microstructural, ferroelectric, and ferromagnetic analysis was performed. Both tetragonal perovskite phase (for BaTiO3 ferroelectric phase) and cubic spinel ferrite phase (for Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 ferromagnetic phase) were simultaneously presented within each composite. The ferrite phase exhibited a smaller crystallite size compared to the ferroelectric phase. All of the composites demonstrated homogenous irregular-shaped grains. The measured average grain size for 0.85BaTiO3-0.15Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4, 0.75BaTiO3-0.25Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4, 0.65BaTiO3-0.35Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 were 364.14 nm, 378.46 nm and 351.62nm, whereas the density values were 3.04g/cm3, 3.20g/cm3 and 3.13 g/cm3 for x = 0.35, 0.25, 0.15 respectively. However, the heterogenous microstructure was observed for all of the compositions. The composites exhibited an oval-shaped lossy capacitor hysteresis loop. However, 0.75BaTiO3-0.25Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 composite showed the highest remnant polarization (11.613 μC/cm2) and coercive field value (1.526 kV/cm), ensuring its usability for switching applications. In addition, 0.75BaTiO3-0.25Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 also exhibited the maximum saturation (Ms= 1.732 emu/g) and remnant magnetization (Mr= 0.025 emu/g) among the composites. Nevertheless, all of the composites derived 'wasp-waisted' hysteresis loops due to the presence of either superparamagnetic (SPM) particles or a mixer of a single domain (SD) and superparamagnetic particles.

Keywords
multiferroic, ferroelectric, magnetic, SPM component

Article Details

How to Cite
Mowla, G., Hossain, N., Kabir, M. H., Haque, M., Ali, M., Kaiyum, M., & Rahman, M. (2021). Structural, electrical, and magnetic characterization of (1-x)BaTiO₃-x Ni₀.₆Zn₀.₄Fe₂O₄ multiferroic ceramic composites. Materials Engineering Research, 3(1), 133-143. https://doi.org/10.25082/MER.2021.01.002
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