Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article

Numerical simulation of composite materials with sisal and glass fibers for ballistic impact resistance

Article Sidebar

V.Mises stress
Download PDF
Submitted   Mar 31, 2024
Published   Jun 20, 2024
Issue    Vol 6 No 1 (2024)
DOI   10.25082/MER.2024.01.003

Views

652

Downloads

189

Citations

PlumX Metrics

Main Article Content

Tibebu Meride Zelelew corresponding author
Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Addisu Negashe Ali
Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Getenet Ayele
Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Geta Kidamemariam
Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Ermias Gebrekidan Koricho
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract

Body armor is critical to mitigating penetrating injuries and saving soldiers' lives. However, ballistic impacts to body armor can cause back deformation (BFD), posing a serious threat of fatal injury on the battlefield. The study performs finite element modeling to evaluate the protection of body armor panels. The numerical simulations consider various parameters, including impact velocities, and angles of projectile impact, which are used to estimate the residual velocity and damage patterns of the composite laminate. The simulations are carried out using the LS-DYNA code based on finite element analysis. The main results of the research reveal crucial insights into the ballistic behavior of composite materials with sisal and glass fibers. The study identifies specific responses, damage development patterns, and comparative analyses between sisal and fiberglass composites. The results have practical implications for the development of advanced materials to improve ballistic protection.

Keywords
body armor, finite element model, fiberglass, impact velocity, sisal fiber

Article Details

How to Cite
Zelelew, T. M., Ali, A. N., Ayele, G., Kidamemariam, G., & Koricho, E. G. (2024). Numerical simulation of composite materials with sisal and glass fibers for ballistic impact resistance. Materials Engineering Research, 6(1), 323-331. https://doi.org/10.25082/MER.2024.01.003
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

References

  1. Badea SM, Lăzăroaie C, Zecheru T, et al. Methods And Criteria For Selecting The Suitable Materials To Achieve The New Ballistic Protection Vest Designed To Womens. International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION. 2015, 21(3): 782-786. https://doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2015-0132
  2. Pacek D, Zochowski P, Wisniewski A. Anti-trauma pads based on non-Newtonian materials for flexible bulletproof inserts[C]//Proceedings of the 29th International Symposium on Ballistics, Scotland, UK. 2016: 9-13.
  3. Wiśniewski A, Pacek D, Zochowski P, et al. Optimization of the material systems with magnetorheological fluids. Proceedings-28th International Symposium on Ballistics, BALLISTICS 2014.
  4. Crouch IG. Body armour – New materials, new systems. Defence Technology. 2019, 15(3): 241-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2019.02.002
  5. Ansari MdM, Chakrabarti A. Ballistic Performance of Unidirectional Glass Fiber Laminated Composite Plate under Normal and Oblique Impact. Procedia Engineering. 2017, 173: 161-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.12.053
  6. Meyer CS, Haque BZ (Gama), O’Brien DJ, et al. Mesoscale ballistic damage mechanisms of a single-layer woven glass/epoxy composite. International Journal of Impact Engineering. 2018, 113: 118-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2017.11.005
  7. Nguyen LH, Lässig TR, Ryan S, et al. A methodology for hydrocode analysis of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene composite under ballistic impact. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 2016, 84: 224-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.01.014
  8. Abtew MA, Boussu F, Bruniaux P, et al. Ballistic impact performance and surface failure mechanisms of two-dimensional and three-dimensional woven p-aramid multi-layer fabrics for lightweight women ballistic vest applications. Journal of Industrial Textiles. 2019, 50(9): 1351-1383. https://doi.org/10.1177/1528083719862883
  9. Dewangan MK, Panigrahi S. Finite element analysis of projectile nose shapes in ballistic perforation of 2D plain woven Kevlar/epoxy composites using multi-scale modelling. Journal of Industrial Textiles. 2020, 51(3$_$suppl): 4200S-4230S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1528083720970168
  10. Nguyen LH, Ryan S, Orifici AC, et al. A penetration model for semi-infinite composite targets. International Journal of Impact Engineering. 2020, 137: 103438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2019.103438
  11. Staniszewski JM, Bogetti TA, Wu V, et al. Interfibrillar behavior in ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) single fibers subjected to tension. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 2020, 206: 354-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2020.09.021
  12. Lee J, Kim SS, Kang D, et al. Physicochemical characterization of polyimide (PI) / paramid: New functional and safe materials with improved heat resistance by a simple coating of polyimide on the surface of p-aramid. Progress in Organic Coatings. 2019, 127: 117-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2018.11.012
  13. El Messiry M, El-Tarfawy S. Performance of weave structure multi-layer bulletproof flexible armor. Proceedings of the 3rd Conference of the National Campaign for Textile Industries, NRC Cairo, “Recent Manufacturing Technologies and Human and Administrative Development”, Cairo, Egypt. 2015: 9-10.
  14. Othman AR, Hassan MH. Effect of different construction designs of aramid fabric on the ballistic performances. Materials & Design. 2013, 44: 407-413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.07.061
  15. Tran P, Ngo TD, Ghazlan A. Numerical modelling of hybrid elastomeric composite panels subjected to blast loadings. Composite Structures. 2016, 153: 108-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.05.103
  16. Gama BA, Gillespie JW. Finite element modeling of impact, damage evolution and penetration of thick-section composites. International Journal of Impact Engineering. 2011, 38(4): 181-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2010.11.001
  17. Ansari MM, Chakrabarti A. Behaviour of GFRP composite plate under ballistic impact: experimental and FE analyses. Structural Engineering and Mechanics. 2016, 60(5): 829-849. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2016.60.5.829
  18. Abdurohman K, Adhitya M, Nugroho A. Durability Study of Glass/Carbon Hybrid Composites Immersed in Seawater for Marine Application. Key Engineering Materials. 2023, 941: 241-247. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-7titb8
  19. Asmare S, Yoseph B, Jamir TM. Investigating the impact resistance of E-glass/ Polyester composite materials in variable fiber-to-matrix weight ratio composition. Cogent Engineering. 2023, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2023.2178110
  20. Ojoc GG, Chiper Titire L, Munteniță C, et al. Ballistic Response of a Glass Fiber Composite for Two Levels of Threat. Polymers. 2023, 15(4): 1039. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15041039
  21. Suhaimi AA, Ali A, et al. Impact Behaviour of Laminated Bamboo, E-Glass and Hybrid Bamboo/E-Glass Fibre Composites. International Journal of Integrated Engineering. 2022, 14(8). https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2022.14.08.012
  22. Pathak RK, Patel S, Gupta VK. A novel design of hybrid ceramic composite plate under ballistic impact. Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures. 2022, 30(24): 5015-5033. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2022.2111623
  23. Xu H, Wang X, Wang B, et al. Study of the Influence Factors for Ballistic Performance of Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2023, 2460(1): 012096. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2460/1/012096
  24. Safaat A, Sutikno. Ballistic Performance of Epoxy-Ramie Composite - SiC Layered Body Armor Using Finite Element Analysis. Key Engineering Materials. 2023, 941: 271-277. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-5755oc
  25. Purwanto H, Tauviqirrahman M, Sugiarto S, et al. Analysis projectile performance in ballistic tests using compressed air gun. EUREKA: Physics and Engineering. 2022, 6: 120-127.
  26. Naik NK, Shrirao P, Reddy BCK. Ballistic impact behaviour of woven fabric composites: Parametric studies. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2005, 412(1-2): 104-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.019
  27. Tan VBC, Lim CT, Cheong CH. Perforation of high-strength fabric by projectiles of different geometry. International Journal of Impact Engineering. 2003, 28(2): 207-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0734-743x(02)00055-6
  28. Børvik T, Hopperstad OS, Berstad T, et al. Perforation of 12mm thick steel plates by 20mm diameter projectiles with flat, hemispherical and conical noses. International Journal of Impact Engineering. 2002, 27(1): 37-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0734-743x(01)00035-5
  29. Sikarwar RS, Velmurugan R. Ballistic Impact on Glass/Epoxy Composite Laminates. Defence Science Journal. 2014, 64(4): 393-399. https://doi.org/10.14429/dsj.64.3882
  30. Goo JS, Kim JS, Shin KB. Evaluation of structural integrity after ballast-flying impact damage of a GFRP lightweight bogie frame for railway vehicles. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology. 2015, 29(6): 2349-2356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-015-0528-9
  31. Ramadhan AA, Abu Talib AR, Mohd Rafie AS, et al. High velocity impact response of Kevlar-29/epoxy and 6061-T6 aluminum laminated panels. Materials & Design. 2013, 43: 307-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.06.034
  32. Iqbal MA, Diwakar A, Rajput A, et al. Influence of projectile shape and incidence angle on the ballistic limit and failure mechanism of thick steel plates. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics. 2012, 62: 40-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2013.01.005
  33. Anish, Gupta KK, Kumar A, et al. Dynamic response with mass variation of laminated composite twisted plates. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology. 2018, 32(9): 4145-4152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-018-0812-6
  34. Ngaga H, Haule L, Nambela L. Review on Modifications of Sisal Fibers for Textile Applications. Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology. 2023, 42(2): 250-265. https://doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v42i2.916
  35. Okpe PC, Folorunso O. Investigating the mechanical properties of sisal/coconut palm hybrid fiber reinforced epoxy composite. Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik. 2023, 54(5): 637-645. https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202200211
  36. Yimer T, Gebre A. Effect of Fiber Treatments on the Mechanical Properties of Sisal Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Composites. Mo KH, ed. Advances in Civil Engineering. 2023, 2023: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2293857
  37. Guo Y, Xiang K, Wang H, et al. Experimental study on self-healing and mechanical properties of sisal fiber-loaded microbial concrete. Materials Research Express. 2023, 10(4): 045701. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/acc718
  38. Gurusamy P, Sundeep S, Karthick SSG, et al. Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Composites on Epoxy Resin with Sisal Fiber, Carbon Fiber and Silicon Carbide. International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems. 2023, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.15.2.14
  39. Bresciani LM, Manes A, Ruggiero A, et al. Experimental tests and numerical modelling of ballistic impacts against Kevlar 29 plain-woven fabrics with an epoxy matrix: Macro-homogeneous and Meso-heterogeneous approaches. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2016, 88: 114-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.10.039
  40. Soden PD, Hinton MJ, Kaddour AS. Lamina properties, lay-up configurations and loading conditions for a range of fibre reinforced composite laminates. Failure Criteria in Fibre-Reinforced-Polymer Composites. Published online 2004: 30-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-008044475-8/50003-2
  41. Karthick P, Ramajeyathilagam K. Numerical study of influence of target thickness and projectile incidence angle on ballistic resistance of the GFRP composites. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2021, 47: 992-999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.05.459
  42. Hallquist JO. LS-DYNA keyword user's manual. Livermore Software Technology Corporation. 2007, 970: 299-800.
  43. Dong G, Li X, Ji Y. An experimental and numerical study on the ballistic performance of a lightweight ceramic composite armor. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2023, 2478(7): 072030. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2478/7/072030
  44. Palani S, Karthik S, Rajaravi C, et al. Analysis of Impact Strength on Polymer Matrix Composites Using Projectile Parameters for Combat Vehicle Application. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Published online September 29, 2022: 271-281. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3053-9_22
  45. Shyamsunder L, Maurya A, Rajan SD, et al. Impact simulation of composite panels for aerospace applications. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2022, 247: 110320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2022.110320
  46. Pathak RK, Patel S, Gupta VK. Ballistic Impact Behavior of 3D Hybrid Composite Laminates. Recent Advances in Machines and Mechanisms. Published online October 4, 2022: 715-724. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3716-3_58
  47. Pathak RK, Patel S, Gupta VK. Ballistic Performance of 3D Hybrid Composite Laminates. Advances in Manufacturing Technology and Management. Published online November 11, 2022: 115-123. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9523-0_13
  48. Boljen M, Jenerowicz M, Bauer S, et al. Combining protective clothes with human body models for finite element ballistic impact simulations. Communications in Development and Assembling of Textile Products. 2023, 4(2): 141-150. https://doi.org/10.25367/cdatp.2023.4.p141-150
  49. Ramagiri B, Yerramalli CS. Numerical investigation on the role of out-of-plane fiber direction on impact resistance of composite target. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites. 2023, 43(3-4): 169-182. https://doi.org/10.1177/07316844231158176
  50. Bezerra WBA, Lazarus BS, Costa UO, et al. Energy Absorption and Ballistic Performance of Epoxy Composite Reinforced with Arapaima Scales. Polymers. 2023, 15(7): 1614. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15071614
  51. Alimirzaei S, Ahmadi Najafabadi M, Nikbakht A, et al. Investigation of energy absorption capacity of 3D filament wound composite tubes: experimental evaluation, numerical simulation, and acoustic emission monitoring. Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures. 2023, 31(13): 2727-2742. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2022.2163437
  52. Zochowski P, Cegła M, Szczurowski K, et al. Experimental and numerical study on failure mechanisms of the 7.62$times$25 mm FMJ projectile and hyperelastic target material during ballistic impact. Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics. 2023, 35(4): 1745-1767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00161-023-01210-2
  53. Żochowski P, Cegła M, Berent J, et al. Experimental and numerical study on failure mechanisms of bone simulants subjected to projectile impact. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering. 2023, 39(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.3687
  54. Pham QH, Long CT, Kanit T, et al. Mechanical performance and failure analysis of a fabric subjected to ballistic impact using multi-scale numerical modelling. Journal of Composite Materials. 2023, 57(7): 1331-1342. https://doi.org/10.1177/00219983231153956