Open Access Peer-reviewed Review

Utilization of textile fabric waste as reinforcement for composite materials in car body applications: A review

Article Sidebar

The recycling and circle economy diagram
Download PDF
Submitted   Jun 20, 2023
Published   Nov 8, 2023
Issue    Vol 5 No 1 (2023)
DOI   10.25082/MER.2023.01.004

Views

527

Downloads

209

Citations

PlumX Metrics

Main Article Content

Melese Shiferaw corresponding author
Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
Asmamaw Tegegne
Federal Technical and Vocational Education and Training Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Assefa Asmare
Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia

Abstract

Materials are one of the basic elements or needs for continuing human beings’ life living and they are used for structural and nonstructural, biomedical, thermal, or other applications. In many types of materials, Composite materials are used in different sectors. The increasing need for eco-friendly, low-density, and lightweight product production prompted the development of fiber-reinforced polymer composites for usage in a variety of home items and automobile parts. The automobile manufacturing sectors have recently attempted to manufacture lighter and lighter parts. Shortly, automobiles must be lighter to meet demands for lower fuel usage and fewer CO2 emissions. On the other side that textile waste is still simply thrown into a landfill in the environment resulting in and causing pollution. So, the objective of this review was to show the ability of these waste materials used as reinforcing material for composite fabrication products like car hoods, Car bumpers, and lightweight automotive parts.  also, it tries to explain the roles of lightweight materials for automotive body parts and also the reduction of wastes in the textile industry by recycling and converting them into useable products, making the environment free of pollution. This waste reduction is a current world issue.

Keywords
automotive body, composite material, environmental pollution, textile waste

Article Details

How to Cite
Shiferaw, M., Tegegne, A., & Asmare, A. (2023). Utilization of textile fabric waste as reinforcement for composite materials in car body applications: A review. Materials Engineering Research, 5(1), 279-290. https://doi.org/10.25082/MER.2023.01.004
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

References

  1. Huda MK, Widiastuti I. Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer in Automotive Application: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2021, 1808(1): 012015. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1808/1/012015
  2. Pervaiz M, Panthapulakkal S, KC B, Sain M, Tjong J. Emerging Trends in Automotive Lightweighting through Novel Composite Materials. Materials Sciences and Applications. 2016, 7(1): 26-38. https://doi.org/10.4236/msa.2016.71004
  3. Rajasekar K, Saravanan R. Literature review on chassis design of on-road heavy vehicles. International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, 2014, 1(7): 428-433.
  4. Chauhan V, Kärki T, Varis J. Review of natural fiber-reinforced engineering plastic composites, their applications in the transportation sector and processing techniques. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials. 2019, 35(8): 1169-1209. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705719889095
  5. Naidu GG, Vishnu AV, Sunil MSB. Fabrication of Light Weight Car. IJSRD, Natl. Conf. Recent Trends Innov. Mech. Eng., no. April, pp. 17-24, 2016.
  6. Kumar R, Ul Haq MI, Raina A, Anand A. Industrial applications of natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites – challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering. 2018, 12(3): 212-220. https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2018.1538267
  7. Belingardi G, Koricho EG. Design of a composite engine support sub-frame to achieve lightweight vehicles. International Journal of Automotive Composites. 2014, 1(1): 90. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijautoc.2014.064129
  8. Langhorst AE, Burkholder J, Long J, Thomas R, Kiziltas A, Mielewski D. Blue-Agave Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites for Automotive Applications. BioResources. 2017, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.1.820-835
  9. Shaker K, Nawab Y, Jabbar M. Bio-composites: Eco-friendly Substitute of Glass Fiber Composites. Handbook of Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications. Published online 2020: 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11155-7_108-1
  10. Abd-Ali NK, Madeh AR. Investigation of Mechanical Properties for Unsaturated Polyester-Based Fibre Glass Composites Filled by Recycled Milled Composites. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2021, 1094(1): 012129. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1094/1/012129
  11. Balasubramanian K, Sultan MTH, Rajeswari N. Manufacturing techniques of composites for aerospace applications. Sustainable Composites for Aerospace Applications. Published online 2018: 55-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102131-6.00004-9
  12. Annandarajah, Langhorst, Kiziltas, Grewell, Mielewski, Montazami. Hybrid Cellulose-Glass Fiber Composites for Automotive Applications. Materials. 2019, 12(19): 3189. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12193189
  13. Vieyra H, Molina-Romero JM, Calderón-Nájera J de D, Santana-Díaz A. Engineering, Recyclable, and Biodegradable Plastics in the Automotive Industry: A Review. Polymers. 2022, 14(16): 3412. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14163412
  14. Sakib MdN, Asif Iqba A. Epoxy Based Nanocomposite Material for Automotive Application- A Short Review. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering. 2021, 18(3). https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.18.3.2021.24.0701
  15. Lotfi A, Li H, Dao DV, Prusty G. Natural fiber–reinforced composites: A review on material, manufacturing, and machinability. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials. 2019, 34(2): 238-284. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705719844546
  16. Kumar S, Prasad L, Kumar S, Patel VK. Physico-mechanical and Taguchi-designed sliding wear properties of Himalayan agave fiber reinforced polyester composite. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2019, 8(4): 3662-3671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.06.004
  17. Sadrolodabaee P, Claramunt J, Ardanuy M, de la Fuente A. Mechanical and durability characterization of a new textile waste micro-fiber reinforced cement composite for building applications. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2021, 14: e00492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00492
  18. Zwawi M. A Review on Natural Fiber Bio-Composites, Surface Modifications and Applications. Molecules. 2021, 26(2): 404. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020404
  19. Mohd Ishak N, Dhar Malingam S, Mansor MR. Weighting of Natural Fibre Criteria for Fibre Metal Laminate Using Entropy Method for Car Front Hood Utilization. Key Engineering Materials. 2017, 740: 75-80. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.740.75
  20. Syduzzaman M, Al Faruque MA, Bilisik K, Naebe M. Plant-Based Natural Fibre Reinforced Composites: A Review on Fabrication, Properties and Applications. Coatings. 2020, 10(10): 973. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10100973
  21. Hovorun TP, Berladir KV, et al. Modern materials for automotive industry. Journal of Engineering Sciences. 2017, 4(2): f8-f18. https://doi.org/10.21272/jes.2017.4(2).f8
  22. Chen X, Memon HA, Wang Y, Marriam I, Tebyetekerwa M. Circular Economy and Sustainability of the Clothing and Textile Industry. Materials Circular Economy. 2021, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42824-021-00026-2
  23. Stockholm S. Cost and Weight Effective Composite Design of Automotive Body Structures Per Mårtensson Licentiate Thesis Stockholm, Sweden 2014.
  24. Adhikary SK, Ashish DK, Sharma H, et al. Lightweight self-compacting concrete: A review. Resources, Conservation &, Recycling Advances. 2022, 15: 200107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcradv.2022.200107
  25. Antonova V, Alekseev S, Tarasov A, Scheglova N, Klyavin O, Borovkov A. Analysis and use of SIMP method in optimization of a car hood design. Vatin N, Zunino P, Vdovin E, eds. E3S Web of Conferences. 2019, 140: 04017. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201914004017
  26. Joglekar AA, Tripathi VK, Nagapurkar SJ, Netke VS. Design Optimization of Electric Vehicle Wheel using Composite Materials. International Journal of Engineering Sciences. 2021, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.36224/ijes.130403
  27. Borazjani S. Light-weight design of vehicle roof panel for stiffness and crash analyses. Politecnico di Torino, 2016: 64-74.
  28. Han C. Research on the Development and Application of Lightweight Automotive Materials. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2020, 1676(1): 012085. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1676/1/012085
  29. Mallick PK. (Ed.). Materials, design and manufacturing for lightweight vehicles. Woodhead publishing, 2020.
  30. Tisza M, Czinege I. Comparative study of the application of steels and aluminium in lightweight production of automotive parts. International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture. 2018, 1(4): 229-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlmm.2018.09.001
  31. Raghuvaran P, Suresh M, Aakash S, Balaji M, Dinesh Kumar K, Hari Prasath S. A Review on Mechanical Behaviour of Aluminium Reinforced Composites. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020, 995: 012040. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/995/1/012040
  32. Jayasathyakawin S, Ravichandran M, Baskar N, Anand Chairman C, Balasundaram R. Mechanical properties and applications of Magnesium alloy – Review. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2020, 27: 909-913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.255
  33. Patel M, Pardhi B, Chopara S, et al. Lightweight Composite Materials for Automotive -- A Review. Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol., no. November 2018, 2020.
  34. Ramalingam VV, Ramasamy P, Kovukkal MD, Myilsamy G. Research and Development in Magnesium Alloys for Industrial and Biomedical Applications: A Review. Metals and Materials International. 2019, 26(4): 409-430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-019-00346-8
  35. Joost WJ, Krajewski PE. Towards magnesium alloys for high-volume automotive applications. Scripta Materialia. 2017, 128: 107-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.07.035
  36. Ferreira V, Merchán M, Egizabal P, et al. Technical and environmental evaluation of a new high performance material based on magnesium alloy reinforced with submicrometre-sized TiC particles to develop automotive lightweight components and make transport sector more sustainable. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2019, 8(3): 2549-2564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.02.012
  37. Patil A, Patel A, Purohit R. An overview of Polymeric Materials for Automotive Applications. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2017, 4(2): 3807-3815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.278
  38. Mehta A, Ashish DK. Silica fume and waste glass in cement concrete production: A review. Journal of Building Engineering. 2020, 29: 100888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100888
  39. Lglm E and Alwis AAP. Waste flow analysis in textile and apparel sector, A case study of textile and apparel wet processing industries in Sri Lanka. J. Res. Technol. Eng. 2021, 2(4): 1-8.
  40. Hossain R, Islam MT, Shanker R, et al. Plastic Waste Management in India: Challenges, Opportunities, and Roadmap for Circular Economy. Sustainability. 2022, 14(8): 4425. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084425
  41. Wafi T, Ben Othman A, Besbes M. Qualitative and quantitative characterization of municipal solid waste and the unexploited potential of green energy in Tunisia. Bioresources and Bioprocessing. 2019, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-019-0274-4
  42. Obermeier F, Karlinger P, Schemme M, Altstädt V. Thermoplastic Hybrid Composites with Wood Fibers: Bond Strength of Back-Injected Structures. Materials. 2022, 15(7): 2473. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15072473
  43. Gedif B, Atalie D. Recycling of 100% Cotton Fabric Waste to Produce Unsaturated Polyester-Based Composite for False Ceiling Board Application. Yang Y, ed. International Journal of Polymer Science. 2022, 2022: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2710000
  44. Nørup N, Pihl K, Damgaard A, Scheutz C. Development and testing of a sorting and quality assessment method for textile waste. Waste Management. 2018, 79: 8-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.07.008
  45. Esteve-Turrillas FA, de la Guardia M. Environmental impact of Recover cotton in textile industry. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2017, 116: 107-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.09.034
  46. Payne A. Open- and closed-loop recycling of textile and apparel products. Handbook of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Textiles and Clothing. Published online 2015: 103-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100169-1.00006-x
  47. Rajasekaran P. Achieving Sustainability in Fashion: Scope of Recycled Fabric Waste in Sustainable Production of Fashion Apparel. Interantional Journal Of Scientific Research In Engineering And Management. 2022, 6(11). https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem16862
  48. Richard Selase G, Divine V, Mawuli Q, Edem B. Waste Management by Small-Scale Textile Industries in Ghana. Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering. 2021, 5(2): 43. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20210502.12
  49. Bhattacharya DrS. Impact of the New Textile Policy and Textile Waste Management System in India and a Move towards Sustainable Management. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology. 2021, 9(11): 1016-1021. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38963
  50. Wang LK, Wang MHS, Hung YT, eds. Solid Waste Engineering and Management. Handbook of Environmental Engineering. Published online 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89336-1
  51. Patti A, Cicala G, Acierno D. Eco-Sustainability of the Textile Production: Waste Recovery and Current Recycling in the Composites World. Polymers. 2020, 13(1): 134. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13010134
  52. Sellitto A, Riccio A, Magno G, D’Errico G, Monsurrò G, Cozzolino A. Feasibility Study on the Redesign of a Metallic Car Hood by Using Composite Materials. International Journal of Automotive Technology. 2020, 21(2): 471-479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-020-0044-5
  53. Nurazzi NM, Asyraf MRM, Khalina A, et al. A Review on Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite for Bullet Proof and Ballistic Applications. Polymers. 2021, 13(4): 646. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13040646
  54. Echeverria CA, Handoko W, Pahlevani F, Sahajwalla V. Cascading use of textile waste for the advancement of fibre reinforced composites for building applications. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019, 208: 1524-1536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.227
  55. Khairul Akter MMd, Haq UN, Islam MdM, Uddin MA. Textile-apparel manufacturing and material waste management in the circular economy: A conceptual model to achieve sustainable development goal (SDG) 12 for Bangladesh. Cleaner Environmental Systems. 2022, 4: 100070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cesys.2022.100070
  56. Li H, Yu C, Chen R, Li J, Li J. Novel ionic liquid-type Gemini surfactants: Synthesis, surface property and antimicrobial activity. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2012, 395: 116-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.12.014
  57. Bizuneh B, Tadesse R. Investigation of Ethiopian apparel industry’s fabric waste and its management strategies. The Journal of The Textile Institute. 2020, 113(1): 141-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2020.1865509
  58. Teshome YM, Habtu NG, Molla MB, Ulsido MD. Energy production potential of municipal solid waste and statistical modeling: the case of Yirgalem Town, Ethiopia. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. Published online March 3, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-03981-9
  59. Navone L, Moffitt K, Hansen KA, Blinco J, Payne A, Speight R. Closing the textile loop: Enzymatic fibre separation and recycling of wool/polyester fabric blends. Waste Management. 2020, 102: 149-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.10.026
  60. Godara SS, Narayan Nagar S. Analysis of frontal bumper beam of automobile vehicle by using carbon fiber composite material. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2020, 26: 2601-2607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.550
  61. Agunsoye JO, Odumosu AK, Dada O. Novel epoxy-carbonized coconut shell nanoparticles composites for car bumper application. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2019, 102(1-4): 893-899. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-3206-0
  62. Sunder Selwyn T. Formation, characterization and suitability analysis of polymer matrix composite materials for automotive bumper. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2021, 43: 1197-1203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.749
  63. Nurazzi NM, Khalina A, Sapuan SM, Ilyas RA, Rafiqah SA, Hanafee ZM. Thermal properties of treated sugar palm yarn/glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester hybrid composites. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2020, 9(2): 1606-1618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.11.086
  64. Cramer DR and Taggart DF. T02-10$_$DsnManuAdvComp.pdf. Proc. 19th Int. Conf. Batter. Hybrid Fuel Cell. 2022, 8(1): 1-12.
  65. Abid HM, Rizmin HC, et al. Design Optimization of Car Front Hood for Pedestrian Safety. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE). 2020, 8(5): 5310-5318. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.d9451.018520